Northern Arizona University

What you'll study

This programme blends core physics and mathematics with specialised courses in observational and theoretical astrophysics. Early years focus on calculus-based physics, linear algebra, differential equations and introductory astronomy; later years move into stellar structure and evolution, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, cosmology, planetary science and radiation processes. Practical training includes observational techniques, astronomical instrumentation, data reduction, and computational methods (programming for scientists, numerical modelling, and statistical analysis).

• Core physics and maths: classical mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, calculus and linear algebra.
• Astronomy and astrophysics: introductory astronomy, stellar astrophysics, interstellar medium, galactic astronomy, extragalactic astronomy and cosmology.
• Observational and technical skills: optical and radio observing methods, CCD photometry and spectroscopy, laboratory and field projects, telescope operations and instrumentation.
• Computational and data skills: scientific programming (e.g. Python/IDL), data analysis, numerical modelling and scientific computing for large datasets.
• Research and capstone: opportunities for independent research projects, senior thesis or practicum placements with local observatories and research groups.
• Electives: planetary geology, space physics, remote sensing, engineering/technology courses and advanced mathematics to tailor the degree toward instrumentation, planetary science or data science pathways.

Students commonly combine coursework with hands-on research through the university's links with nearby observatories and research centres, allowing experience with real telescope time, instrumentation development and data-driven projects.

Entry requirements

Admission to the Bachelor in Astronomy and Astrophysics follows Northern Arizona University's undergraduate entry standards. Successful applicants typically present strong secondary-school qualifications with particular strength in mathematics and physics. Applicants should have preparation in algebra, precalculus or calculus and introductory physics; coursework in calculus is highly recommended.

• Domestic applicants: high-school diploma with competitive academic performance in mathematics and science courses. Completion of calculus and physics at secondary level strengthens an application.
• International applicants: equivalent secondary-school qualifications (for example A-levels, IB or other national systems) with solid grades in mathematics and physics.
• Transfer students: appropriate college-level credits in calculus and calculus-based physics are required for direct progression into the major; consult the department for course equivalency and articulation advice.
• All applicants: statements of purpose, recommendation letters and evidence of relevant coursework or extracurricular experience (such as astronomy clubs, telescope use or computing) can improve competitiveness. English-language proficiency must meet the university's requirements for non-native speakers.

Career prospects

Graduates gain a strong analytical and technical skill set suited to a wide range of careers. Many go on to graduate study (master's and PhD) in astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science or related fields. Others move into applied roles in observatories, space agencies, aerospace industry, instrumentation and sensor development, data science, software engineering, remote sensing and geosciences.

• Research and academia: postgraduate research, Observatory or university researcher or doctoral programmes.
• Observatories and instrumentation: telescope operations, instrument development, mission support and technical staff roles.
• Space and aerospace: positions in space agencies, satellite operations, mission planning and systems engineering.
• Data-intensive industries: data scientist, analyst, or software engineer roles that leverage numerical modelling, programming and statistical skills.
• Education and outreach: secondary-school teaching, planetarium work, public engagement and science communication.

Why study at Northern Arizona University

Northern Arizona University is located in Flagstaff, a city with exceptional dark skies and a strong regional astronomy community. The university's Department of Physics and Astronomy maintains active research programmes and close working relationships with nearby institutions, providing students access to observing facilities, internships and collaborative projects. The programme emphasises hands-on learning: students frequently undertake observational projects, instrumentation work and faculty-supervised research as part of their degree.

NAU's setting supports field-based and outreach activities, while interdisciplinary options across geology, engineering and computer science allow students to tailor their studies toward planetary science, instrumentation or data-driven careers. Advising, research mentoring and career services help prepare graduates for both immediate employment and competitive applications to graduate programmes.