Northern Arizona University

What you'll study

This programme builds a strong core in classical and modern physics before applying those principles to astronomical problems. Early years focus on calculus-based mechanics, electromagnetism, waves and optics, and laboratory skills. Core astronomy and astrophysics topics include observational techniques, stellar structure and evolution, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, planetary science, and cosmology. Coursework emphasises quantitative problem solving, computer modelling, and data analysis; typical modules include:

• Classical Mechanics – Newtonian dynamics, Lagrangian mechanics and conservation laws.
• Electromagnetism – electrostatics, magnetostatics, Maxwell’s equations and applications.
• Quantum Mechanics – fundamentals of quantum theory and atomic physics.
• Laboratory and Instrumentation – experimental techniques, error analysis, electronics for detectors and instrumentation.
• Observational Astronomy – telescope operation, CCD imaging, photometry and spectroscopy.
• Astrophysics – stellar astrophysics, interstellar medium, galaxies and cosmology.
• Computational Physics – numerical methods, scientific programming and data reduction.

Seniors typically complete a capstone experience such as a research project, honours thesis or practicum. Students are encouraged to combine coursework with internships and summer research, and to take electives in related areas such as atmospheric science, geology (for planetary studies), or computer science.

Entry requirements

Applicants should hold a high school diploma or equivalent with a strong background in mathematics and science. Recommended preparation includes: completion of pre-calculus and calculus courses, one year of high-school physics, and solid grounding in chemistry. Northern Arizona University considers overall academic record and readiness for university-level STEM study; competitive applicants usually demonstrate strong grades in quantitative subjects. International students must meet English language proficiency requirements. Transfer students should present college transcripts showing calculus and introductory physics; students without calculus on entry are usually advised to take preparatory math before advancing to core physics courses.

Career prospects

Graduates leave prepared for a variety of paths. Many continue to graduate study in astronomy, astrophysics or physics; others move directly into technical roles that value strong analytical and computational skills. Typical career destinations include:

• Observatories and research centres (observational support, instrument development, data analysis)
• Space and aerospace industry (mission operations, systems engineering, payload science)
• Data science and analytics in private and public sectors
• Science education and outreach (secondary teaching, planetariums, museums)
• Technical roles in instrumentation, optics and electronics manufacturing

Undergraduates who pursue teacher certification or additional coursework can enter secondary-school science teaching. The programme’s emphasis on hands-on measurement, programming and research also prepares graduates for roles in software, modelling and applied research labs.

Why study at Northern Arizona University

Northern Arizona University offers distinctive advantages for astronomy students: its campus sits in Flagstaff, a designated International Dark Sky City, providing excellent local observing conditions and relatively low light pollution. NAU maintains on-campus observatory facilities and a close working relationship with nearby professional observatories, offering students regular access to telescopes and instrumentation. Class sizes in upper-division courses are typically small, allowing close mentorship from faculty who are active in observational and planetary research. The university supports undergraduate research and summer projects, and there are frequent opportunities for internships and collaborations that connect classroom learning to practical experience in observational campaigns, data reduction and instrument development.