University of Colorado Boulder

What you'll study

The Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences (APS) at the University of Colorado Boulder offers a curriculum that blends core physics and mathematics with specialised astrophysics topics and hands-on laboratory work. Students typically take a sequence of courses in classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics and thermodynamics alongside calculus, differential equations and linear algebra. Core astronomy and astrophysics topics include stellar structure and evolution, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, cosmology, radiative processes, planetary science and high-energy astrophysics.

Practical and research-focused elements are emphasised. Typical modules and experiences include:

• Observational astronomy: optical and radio observing techniques, CCD imaging, spectroscopy, and time-domain astronomy using university telescopes and remote facilities.
• Computational methods: numerical modelling, scientific programming (commonly Python or similar), data analysis, and simulation of astrophysical systems.
• Instrumentation and laboratory work: detector technology, signal processing, and hands-on projects building or testing scientific instruments.
• Advanced theoretical topics: radiative transfer, dynamics of astrophysical fluids, stellar atmospheres and compact objects.
• Undergraduate research: opportunities to work with faculty on observational campaigns, laboratory experiments or theoretical projects, often through course credit or summer research programmes.

Students may choose a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science route; the B.S. generally has a heavier emphasis on mathematics and physics, while the B.A. can offer more flexibility for complementary coursework in computer science, engineering or the liberal arts. Electives and special topics courses enable study of exoplanets, astrochemistry, solar physics and space instrumentation.

Entry requirements

Applicants are expected to demonstrate strong preparation in mathematics and science. Typical expectations include successful completion of high-school calculus and physics (or equivalent), with strong grades in these subjects. Successful applicants also show competence in chemistry and a background that indicates readiness for rigorous quantitative coursework.

For domestic applicants, typical materials include transcripts, standardised test scores if submitted (subject to university testing policies), and personal statements or essays that explain academic preparation and interest in astronomy. For international applicants, equivalent secondary-school qualifications are required and proof of English proficiency may be requested.

Transfer applicants and those with prior college coursework should present university transcripts showing appropriate calculus and physics courses; many students begin APS research early, so prior laboratory or programming experience is advantageous but not mandatory. Specific minimum GPA or course grade thresholds are set by the university and may vary by year and applicant pool.

Career prospects

Graduates with a degree in astronomy and astrophysics from CU Boulder pursue a wide range of careers. Many continue to postgraduate study (M.S. or Ph.D.) in astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science or related fields. Career paths include roles in observational and theoretical research at universities, national laboratories and observatories.

• Research and academia: graduate study leading to research positions in astrophysics, planetary science or space physics.
• Government and national labs: positions at space agencies, national observatories, and government research centres working on instrumentation, mission science or data analysis.
• Industry: roles in aerospace and satellite engineering, remote sensing, software development, and data science where strong quantitative, programming and modelling skills are valued.
• Education and outreach: teaching at secondary or tertiary levels, planetarium and museum education, and public science communication.
• Technical careers: instrumentation and optics, signal processing, and technical project management related to scientific hardware and instrumentation.

The combination of physics training, computational skills and hands-on research prepares graduates for diverse employers in both scientific and technical sectors.

Why study at University of Colorado Boulder

CU Boulder is home to a well-established Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences with strong ties to research institutes and space science organisations. The campus hosts or collaborates closely with prominent research centres and laboratories that provide undergraduate research opportunities, including institutes specializing in atomic, molecular and optical physics, laboratory astrophysics, and space instrumentation.

Students benefit from access to local observatories, campus-based telescopes and facilities for instrument development and testing, as well as partnerships with regional and national research organisations. The department emphasises undergraduate involvement in active research projects, enabling students to join observing runs, work on instrumentation teams, or contribute to data-intensive surveys.

Additionally, CU Boulder’s location provides networking and internship opportunities with aerospace companies, research labs and government agencies. The department’s graduate and faculty research programmes cover a broad range of astrophysical topics, giving undergraduates exposure to current research and potential pathways for postgraduate study and careers in science and technology.